Reference

Bibliography

Bigelow, Julian. “Computer Development at the Institute for Advanced Study.” In Metropolis et al., A History of Computing, pp. 291-310.

Burks, Arthur W. “From ENIAC to the Stored-Program Computer: Two Revolutions in Computers.” In Metropolis et al., A History of Computing, pp. 311-344.

Burks, Arthur W.; Goldstine, Herman H.; and von Neumann, John. “Preliminary Discussion of the Logical Design of an Electronic Computing Instrument.” 1946. Reprinted in Swartzlander, Computer Design Development, pp. 221-259.

Campbell-Kelly, Martin. “Programming the Manchester Mark I.” Annals 2 (April 1980): 130-168.

Goldstine, Herman H. The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton

University Press, 1980.

Heims, Steve J. John von Neumann and Norbert Weiner: From Mathematics to the Technologies of Life and Death. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1980.

Hodges, Andrew. Alan Turing: The Enigma. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983.

Hofstadter, Douglas R. Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid. New York: Basic Books,

1979.

Kemeny, John G. “Man Viewed as a Machine.” Scientific American, April 1955, p. 58.

Lavington, Simon. Early British Computers. Bedford, Mass.: Digital Press, 1980.

Mauchly, John W. “Amending the ENIAC Story.” Datamation 25 (October 1979): 217-219.

—. “Preparation of Problems for EDVAC-Type Machines.” 1947. In Randell, Origins of Digital Computers, pp. 393-397.

Metropolis, N.; Howlett, J.; and Rota, Gian-Carlo, eds. A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century. New York: Academic Press, 1980.

Metropolis, N., and Worlton, J. “A Trilogy of Errors in the History of Computing.” Annals 2

(January 1980): 49-59.

Randell, Brian. “The Colossus.” In Metropolis et al., A History of Computing, pp. 47-92.

—, ed. The Origins of Digital Computers. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1982.

Stern, Nancy. From ENIAC to UNIVAC: An Appraisal of the Eckert-Mauchly Computers. Bedford, Mass. : Digital Press, 1981.

Swartzlander, Earl K, Jr. Computer Design Development: Principal Papers. Rochelle Park, N.Y.: Hayden Book Co., 1976.

Ulam, S. M. “Joh n von Neumann, 1903-1957.” Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 1958. Reprinted in Annals 4 (April 1982): 157-181.

von Neumann, John. “First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC.” 1945. Reprinted in Stern, From

ENIAC to UNIVAC, pp. 177-246.

Wilkes, M. V, and Renwick, W. “The EDSAC.” In Randell, Origins of Digital Computers, pp. 417-421.

Wulforst, Harry. Breakthrough to the Computer Age. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1982.

 

Notes

133      “Tell me, Walter”: Wulforst, Breakthrough, p.163. Fuldheim was the station’s evening

news anchor, and the interview took place on 16 October 1952. (Wulforst letter to the author, 23 May 1984.)

135      “No attempt has been made to make provision”: Stern, From ENIAC to UNIVAC, p.75.

136      “when along came von Neumann”: Goldstine, The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann, p. 182.

137      “We started with our basic ideas”: Mauchly, “Amending the ENIAC Story,” p. 217.

“Like a child with a new toy”: Ibid.

138      “It was, I think, a pretty sad spectacle”:Stern, From ENIAC to UNIVAC, p. 23.

145      “gross indecency”: Hodges, Alan Turing, p.458. Turing’s crime was “Gross Indecency contrary to Section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885.”

149      “When [the machine was] first built”: Campbell-Kelly, “Programming the Mark I,” p. 134. See also Hodges, Alan Turing, p. 385.

151 “assign his rights in the patent”: Stern, From ENIAC to UNIVAC, p. 159.

“Under this view the University”: Ibid., pp. 49-50.

156      “There will never be enough problems “:Ibid., p. 111.

158      “I find it difficult to say much “: Ibid., p. 105.

160      “BINAC seemed to operate well”: Ibid., p. 128.

164      “The trouble with machines “: “The Machine Vote, ” Newsweek, 17 November 1952, p. 64.