Bibliography

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Bishop, Morris. Pascal: The Life of Genius. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1936.

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“Calculating Machine by Wilhelm Schickard: Operating Instructions.” (A twelve-page pamphlet.) Stuttgart: IBM Deutschland GmbH. Undated (1965?).

Delamain, Richard. Translated extract from Grammelogia, 1630. In Smith, A Source Book, pp. 156-159.

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Flad, Jean-Paul. Les Trois Premieres Machines a Calculer: Schickard (1623) – Pascal (1642) Leibniz (1673). In La Conference au Palais de la Decouverte, no. 093. Paris: Universite de Paris

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Hofmann, Joseph E. Leibniz in Paris 1672-1676: His Growth to Mathematical Maturity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974.

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Notes

3         “There is no greater mistake”: Knuth, Donald E. The Art of Computer Programming, vol. 2, 2nd ed. (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1981), p. 178.

“I submit to the public”: Smith, A Source Book, p. 166.

8          “hereby the simple of this Iland”: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed., vol. 19, p. 172.

“When Merchiston first published”: Bell, Men of Mathematics, p. 526.

16        “thin, garrulous, and bad-tempered”: Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 7, p.289.

18       Schickard’s letters translated by Horst Salzwedel, based on extracts in Seck, Wilhelm Schickard, pp. 289-290. The accuracy of the translations was verified by von Freytag

Loringhoff in a 6 April 1984 letter to the author.

24        “The calculating machine was born of filial love”: P. Guth in Le Figaro Litteraire, 12 July 1947, as quoted in Steinmann, Pascal, p.28.

28        Dalibray’s sonnet: Steinmann, Pascal, p. 32.

Pascal’s broadside: Ibid., p. 29.

30        “greatly excited by the division”: Ruth Lydia Saw, Leibniz (New York: Penguin Books, 1954), pp. 9-10.

31 ”      When, several years ago”: Smith, A Source Book, p. 173-174.