There is a lab devoted to this topic.

Websites

Read “Binary – So Simple a Computer Can Do It,” a well-written and concise explanation of the binary system and its importance today. You can also read about Gottfried Leibniz’s involvement in the creation of the binary system.

For a more detailed explanation of how binary works, visit the Binary Math website, which explains how to use binary for the basic arithmetic functions and includes a binary – decimal converter.

This tutorial on the binary system also provides a detailed explanation of the system’s functions, and includes explanation of how to express negative numbers and several algorithms for converting binary and decimal systems.

If you’re skeptical of the binary system’s ability to represent all integers, read the “History of the Binary System,” which gives clear logical and mathematical evidence to support the buzz about binary.

Other Media

This base converter not only translates binary to digital, and digital to binary, but also allows you to convert ternary, quintal, octal, duodecimal, hexadecimal and base 36 numbers.

Books

History of Binary and Other Nondecimal Numeration, written in  1971 by Anton Glasser, provides a historical and mathematical exploration of standard number systems. The author begins with scholars who came before Leibniz and his binary innovations and continues until their application in computers and school curricula.